Beyond the objective characteristics of a name or object, connotative expression refers to the symbolic dimension of its sign value. For example, owning a car can evoke the presumed resources and perceived social status of its owner. The sign value of a new luxury car differs fundamentally from that of a basic used car, even if their function as a means of transportation remains the same. By exploring this notion of “sign value,” sociologist Jean Baudrillard complements the distinction established by economists, such as Adam Smith, who focus on use value, and Marxist economists, such as Karl Marx, who focus on exchange value.

A gold fountain pen from the Montblanc brand is first and foremost a writing instrument, thus giving it a use value. This pen also has a retail price, which can be assessed according to other criteria such as the labor time required to acquire it, thus assigning it an exchange value. However, the Montblanc brand’s renown is associated with a particular prestige, symbolizing a high social status for its owner, thus imbuing the pen with symbolic value.

Handwriting, especially when done with a Montblanc pen, possesses such symbolic value that the brand can subtly communicate this dimension, far beyond its simple function of writing. Compared to an email, handwriting with a Montblanc pen conveys a symbolism and symbolic value that transcend its mere utility.