Abuse of a dominant position occurs when a company leverages its market dominance to impose unfavorable conditions on a customer or supplier. This can manifest as a refusal to sell or discriminatory business practices. When a dispute arises, it is up to the court to determine whether the company actually holds a dominant position and whether the imposed conditions are abusive. A striking example is that of Google, which was found guilty of abusing its dominant position in the online advertising sector at the end of 2019. With a market share exceeding 90%, the tech giant refused to run an advertiser’s campaigns, thus exposing market participants to arbitrary and unfair rules. This decision was motivated by Google’s desire to protect its users from the advertiser’s allegedly unscrupulous business practices. Similarly, Apple was fined €1.1 billion in early 2020 by the French competition authority for abusing its dominant position with respect to its resellers. Another emblematic case is that of Google, which was fined over €2 billion for abusive practices related to its market dominance.