{"id":169088,"date":"2026-06-10T17:16:49","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T17:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/dictionnaire\/horizontal-agreement\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T19:00:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T19:00:52","slug":"horizontal-agreement","status":"publish","type":"dictionnaire-dico","link":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/dictionnaire\/horizontal-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"Horizontal agreement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When two or more competing companies enter into an agreement, often discreetly, they seek to collaborate despite their similar market position and position in the value chain. These agreements can cover various aspects such as research and development, standards setting, production, purchasing, marketing, pricing, or even the allocation of business areas, all with the aim of reducing costs or sharing risks. However, these agreements, especially if they involve large companies, are generally perceived as practices that can hinder competition. Indeed, they can have a negative impact on prices, product quality, innovation, and even consumer choice. To regulate these practices, the European Commission published detailed guidelines in a document entitled &#8220;Guidelines on the applicability of Article 81 of the EC Treaty to horizontal cooperation agreements&#8221; (OJ 3, 6 January 2001).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","categories-glossary":[332],"class_list":["post-169088","dictionnaire-dico","type-dictionnaire-dico","status-publish","hentry","categories-glossary-intellectual-property-marketing-law"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionnaire-dico\/169088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionnaire-dico"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/dictionnaire-dico"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"categories-glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitionary.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories-glossary?post=169088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}