The phenomenon of over-optimization occurs when a website and its pages are so heavily optimized for search engine optimization (SEO) that they risk being penalized by search engines, particularly Google. This penalty stems from the fact that search engines perceive over-optimization as an attempt at manipulation. The most common over-optimization practices include the overuse of targeted keywords in page content, titles, or URLs. Over-optimization also occurs when the anchor text of inbound links is forced, which can be detrimental. Another form of over-optimization can manifest when the visible content becomes difficult for visitors or users to digest. When over-optimization poses a risk of inefficiency or penalties, it is often necessary to implement de-optimization, which may involve content adjustments or changes in strategy.