GAFA is an acronym for the four American tech giants: Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon. These companies largely dominate the online commerce, advertising, and personal data management sectors, illustrating the digital economy’s tendency to favor economies of scale and market concentration. Their influence is such that they are often considered near-hegemonic players in the global digital economy. The term GAFA has also inspired similar acronyms to designate other groups of innovative companies in the digital sector.