Black hat SEO encompasses a set of methods aimed at improving a website’s ranking in search engine results, but which go against the guidelines of Google and other similar search engines. Search engines consider black hat SEO an unfair practice that can lead to penalties such as demotion or even exclusion from search results. It should be noted that some practices associated with black hat SEO may even be illegal. For more information and a comprehensive list of techniques used in this area, please refer to [source].